摘要：定語從句是高中語法的重要組成部分，也是歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)。雖然學(xué)生在初中就已經(jīng)初步接觸了解定語從句，但是由于定語從句的關(guān)系詞的多樣性，先行詞比較復(fù)雜，并且從句本身的位置非常靈活的特點(diǎn)，所以學(xué)生有時(shí)也會(huì)感到束手無策。根據(jù)筆者的教學(xué)實(shí)踐，可以從定語從句的釋義、解題步驟、關(guān)系詞、固定搭配等方面去解題。

　　關(guān)鍵詞：定語從句;先行詞;關(guān)系詞

　　一.定語從句釋義。

　　定語從句，簡(jiǎn)潔地說，就是像形容詞那樣充當(dāng)定語的從句。例如，He is an actor who has been awarded many prizes. 這里定語從句就是who has been awarded many prizes, 修飾前面的actor。提到定語從句，不得不講到先行詞和關(guān)系詞。先行詞，被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞，必須在定語從句之前。an actor就是先行詞。關(guān)系詞有who，where，that，why，which，as，whom，when，whose。其中關(guān)系詞又分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。切記that和why不能用逗號(hào)隔開。

　　英語教學(xué)論文范例：“三教”改革背景下高職院校基礎(chǔ)英語金課建設(shè)路徑探究

　　二.定語從句解題3步走

　　1找出先行詞。先行詞為人用who或者that。先行詞為物用that或which。先行詞為整句話用which或as。

　　2.看從句缺什么成分。一般來說從句主要缺主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語。關(guān)系詞中，做主語的有who，that，which;賓語的有who ，that ，which，whom;定語的有whose;表語的有that，which， as;狀語的有where，when，why。

　　3.選擇關(guān)系詞。找到先行詞，了解缺什么成分，就直接找對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞了。

　　三.關(guān)系詞比較

　　1. 充當(dāng)主語——who,that,which。

　　先行詞為人：who，that 先行詞為物：which，that

　　例如：The person who/that is playing the piano is my music teacher.正在彈鋼琴的那個(gè)人是我的音樂老師。

　　The bookshelf that/which stood in the corner has just been taken away.昨天在角落的那個(gè)書架剛被人搬走

　　1.1. who Pk that，以下情況用who，其余用that。

　　1.1.1如果先行詞為人，從句用逗號(hào)隔開，只能用who。

　　例如：Some people say that oldest children, ____ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely to succeed.

　　1.1.2 當(dāng)先行詞為that，those指人時(shí)，后面只用who。

　　例如：The world is a book,and those who don't travel read only one page.

　　1.2 that Pk which，以下情況用which， 其余用that。

　　1.1.1 如果先行詞為物，從句用逗號(hào)隔開，只能用which。

　　例如：The school, ______ is in Paris, accepts only 80 students every year.

　　1.1.2 當(dāng)先行詞為that，those指物時(shí)，后面只用which。

　　例如：What’s that _____ was put in the car?

　　1.1.3 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，只用which。

　　例如：Children often form bad habits, some of ______ remain with them as long as they live.

　　2.充當(dāng)賓語——which，that，who，whom

　　先行詞為人：who，that，whom;先行詞為物：which，that。

　　例如：This is the picture that/which I told you about.這就是我跟你說的那副畫。

　　I made friends with the students whom/who/that I met in the English Corner.我和去年在英語角遇見的學(xué)生成了好朋友。

　　關(guān)于who，that，which作賓語的區(qū)別同它們作主語一樣，就不在復(fù)述。這里要提到的兩點(diǎn)就是：1.當(dāng)先行詞作賓語指人，且后面跟介詞時(shí)，只用whom。例如：Behind him were other people to _____ he was trying to talk.which也是同理。2. 限定性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可省。

　　3.充當(dāng)定語——whose

　　Whose表示什么的，后面緊跟名詞。例如：I would thank those people whose smile just melted me.我要感謝那些用微笑融化了我的人。

　　3.1當(dāng)whose代表人的什么，whose+n=the + n +of + whom. 例如：I would thank those people the smile of whom just melted me.

　　3.2 當(dāng)whose代表物的什么，whose+n=the + n +of + which=of which +the +n.

　　例如： Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.=Nobody wants the house the roof of which has fallen in.=Nobody wants the house of which the roof has fallen in.

　　4.充當(dāng)狀語——when，where，why

　　根據(jù)意思可以，when充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。

　　例如：I still remember the day when I first met my English teacher.我仍然記得第一次見到英語老師的那一天。

　　I still remember the place where I met my English teacher.我仍然記得第一次見到英語老師的地方。

　　I still remember the reason why I like English. 我仍然記得喜歡英語的原因。

　　5.充當(dāng)表語——that ，which，as

　　例如： Our village isn't the small quite place that it used to be.

　　His sister has become a lawyer，which she wanted to be.

　　He is not the same man as he used to be.

　　從例句中發(fā)現(xiàn)that用類比，可省;which用于非限定從句;as主考搭配。

　　固定搭配

　　1.way作成分用that或which;作狀語用that/in which/省略關(guān)系詞。

　　例如：I think the way(that/which) he told me is the best.我認(rèn)為他告訴我的方法是最好的。

　　Please tell me the way that/in which/ you did the job.請(qǐng)告訴我你做事的方式。

　　2. during+ which+time

　　3.as 搭配：the same...as，as we expect，as has been said before

　　總結(jié)

　　關(guān)于高中定語從句的解題技巧，這里只是筆者的一些個(gè)人看法。定語從句還有許多特別之處。總之，在教學(xué)定語從句的用法時(shí)，要抓住定語從句在句子中的功能和關(guān)系詞的用法，不斷積累、總結(jié)，以便學(xué)生能在英語語言的運(yùn)用上更加自如。

　　作者：趙夢(mèng)嬌